Japan mulls tsunami lessons for reconstruction

TOKYO: Constructing taller buildings and moving towns to higher ground may be the key to rebuilding Japan`s devastated northeast coast, experts say, as the threat of future tsunamis shapes ideas for reconstruction. It was the monster wall of water, rather than March 11 magnitude 9.0 earthquake that spawned it, which tore through towns, destroying 300,000 homes and leaving 26,000 dead and missing. "What we agreed with Prime Minister Naoto Kan is that it is not simply enough to restore things as they were before," said Makoto Iokibe, chairman of the Council of Reconstruction, established by Kan. The daunting task of removing millions of tonnes of debris from destroyed homes and factories is the starting point for the remodelling of coastal towns in a region with an ageing population and fragile economy. But the concept of relocating towns is a sensitive issue for those whose livelihoods revolve around them. "It`s actually a rather fundamental and philosophical question: where should people settle down? The sea is often the source of all their resources, so it`s difficult to settle down away from it," said Yukio Nishimura, vice president of the University of Tokyo. "When you talk to those who were affected by the tsunami, some want to settle down to higher places or even move to a bigger town but others want to stay put," he said. The level of damage masks large regional disparities. The mountainous northernmost area paid the heaviest price, with numerous houses built on the narrow strip of land sandwiched between the sea and the mountains swept away. "Topographically, these areas are very vulnerable to tsunamis so we need to completely re-think town planning," said Jun Iio, who chairs a group of experts that submits proposals to the reconstruction council. Many specialists say detailed analysis of the topography of the 300 kilometres of devastated coastline on Honshu island should encourage rebuilding in higher places and further back from the sea. Another recommendation for schools, hospitals and town halls is to construct buildings that are at least four or five storeys tall to offer refuge from the giant waves when a tsunami strikes. Iokibe suggested the vast amount of rubble that forms the legacy of the March 11 disasters could be turned into landscaped hills. "In normal times people would able to use these parks for recreation," he said. "During disasters, they would be used as evacuation zones."Some fishing-related facilities will have to be relocated, he said. Experts point out that while the huge concrete walls facing the sea seen in many coastal towns and villages can help, they cannot guarantee safety. Several of the tsunami defences gave way under the force of the monster wave triggered by the earthquake, including the one that was supposed to protect the small fishing village of Taro, north of the city of Miyako, or they were simply not high enough.Based on experience gained after the earthquake that hit the western port city of Kobe in 1995, Iokibe estimates it will take 10 years to rebuild the devastated northeast.—AFP